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| Kirkpatrick's
Four Levels of Evaluation |
| To assess the effectiveness of a
training program, educators often turn to the four-level model
created by Donald Kirkpatrick. According to his model, evaluation
should begin with level one and then should move sequentially
through levels two, three and four as budget and time allow.
Information from each prior level serves as a base for the next
level's evaluation. Each successive level represents
a more precise measure of the effectiveness of the training; however the higher levels require more rigorous and time-consuming
analysis. |
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| This page shows two ways of displaying Kirkpatrick's Four Levels of Evaluation. First, the preferred manner per the Kirkpatrick's Partners website, and second, the way the four levels are commonly used in business. Some K-12 teachers have developed their own variations. |
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Level 4:
Results |
To what degree targeted outcomes occur, as a result of the learning event(s) and subsequent reinforcement. |
Level 3:
Behavior |
To what degree participants apply what they learned during training when they are back on the job. |
Level 2:
Results |
To what degree participants acquire the intended knowledge, skills, and attitudes based on their participation in the learning event. |
Level 1:
Results |
To what degree participants react favorably to the learning event. |
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Level 1 - Reactions
-- Evaluation at this level measures how participants in a training
program react to it.
Level 2 - Learning
-- Evaluation at this level attempts to ascertain the extent
students have advanced in skills, knowledge or attitude. Sometimes
pre-tests and post-tests are used to assess the level of learning.
 Level 3 - Transfer
-- This level measures the transfer that has occurred in learners'
behavior due to the training program. In other words, "Are the
newly acquired skills, knowledge or attitudes being used in
the everyday environment of the learner?" Many trainers believe
this is the truest assessment of a program's effectiveness.
Level 4 - Results
-- Often referred to as "the bottom line," this level measures
the success of a training program by measuring increased production,
improved quality, reduced costs, reduced accidents, increased
sales or higher return on investment. However, determining results
in financial terms is difficult to measure and is hard to link
directly with training. |
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| Course
Evaluation & Student Feedback |
| When you attempt to fashion a classroom training feedback form for use with distance learning students, many questions will need to be replaced.
For instance, you could not very well ask online students how they liked the refreshments or how clean the classroom was or if the lighting was right.
Listed below are some questions I pulled from a classroom evaluation form:
- Were the classroom facilities adequate?
- Were goals and objectives clearly stated at the beginning of class?
- Were the students encouraged to introduce themselves?
- Did the instructor have good eye contact?
- Did the instructor adequately answer student questions?
- Were the refreshments adequate?
- Were the handouts adequate and thorough?
- Was the classroom neat and orderly?
- Was the instructor knowledgeable about the subject?
- Were the classroom aides attentive and helpful?
- Did the class begin and end on time?
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| Questions 1, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 11 apply only to classroom training. Notice that the questions above are all True/False, leaving no room for an "average" or "fair" assessment. |
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I pulled the following from an online training evaluation form with radio buttons offering the students the option to select: excellent, very good, good, fair, poor, or not applicable.
- Organization of the online course
- Usefulness of the online course
- Layout of the online course materials
- Links between the online course pages
- Links to other websites
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Availability of the Online Seminar instructor
- Availability of the technical support personnel
- In general, this online training has been ...
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| Most online training student evaluations
ask questions that require keyboard input; they cannot be answered
with checkboxes or radio buttons. Check out the resources below: |
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Kirkpatrick's
Four Levels